The Greater Flamingo emblem of Camargue

Greater Flamingo

Scientific name: Phoenicopterus roseus

Family: Phoenicopteridae

Length: 120 to 145 cm, Wingspan: 140 to 170 cm

Longevity: Average lifespan of 15 years

Overview of the Greater Flamingo

Among the 340 bird species inhabiting the Rhône delta, the Greater Flamingo stands out as the emblematic bird of the Camargue region. These sociable avians are often seen in groups within wetland habitats. This large wading bird thrives in shallow saltwater or brackish marshes and ponds, contributing to its significant presence in the Camargue. Its preferred feeding grounds are abundant in crustaceans and algae. The distinctive shape of their beaks, featuring a comb, enables them to filter nutrients, primarily shrimp (Artemia) from the water.

Physical Characteristics

Juvenile flamingos initially lack color; their vibrant hues develop from their diet, which is rich in beta carotene. Additionally, flamingos showcase black flight feathers on each wing. When in flight, they typically move in large groups, characterized by their elongated necks and legs. Their flight is swift and powerful, reaching speeds of up to 60 km/h.

Nesting in Camargue

The Camargue is the sole location for flamingo nesting in France, with their primary breeding ground located at the Fangassier pond. Female flamingos lay 1 to 2 eggs in a mud nest. Both parents participate in the incubation process, which lasts approximately 28 to 30 days. At birth, the chicks exhibit pale coloration, displaying pinkish legs and beaks. Within days, they develop a white downy covering, which eventually transforms into a brown-gray shade, accompanied by black beaks and legs. Over time, they gradually attain their pink adult plumage, which they achieve around the age of four years.

Seasonal Presence and Behavior

During summer, flamingo populations swell significantly, although many migrate to Africa during the winter months. Notably, a substantial number of flamingos reside in the Camargue year-round. These birds are highly social and expressive, filling their colonies with a lively commotion.

Protection Status

Since the Ministerial Decree on April 17, 1981, the Greater Flamingo has enjoyed full legal protection in French territory, safeguarding these iconic birds throughout the region.